Well circumscribed, microscopic nodular proliferation of crowded, small to medium glands with pale to clear cytoplasm, a fragmented and discontinuous basal cell layer and minimal atypia; may be mistaken for low grade adenocarcinoma (Histopathology 2019;74:1036, Surg Pathol Clin 2008;1:1, J Urol 2012;188:2371) Found predominantly in the Home Page: The American Journal of Surgery Ultrasound Indications. If the pediatric patient can be kept still using other methods such as distraction techniques, or swaddling, this is ideal to avoid scattered radiation to parents and staff 3; in some institutions, pediatric patients with hip pain may be assessed with a single frog leg view to reduce radiation exposure. [11], A widened mediastinum can be indicative of several pathologies:[12][13], This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1090 ofthe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Mediastinum. Seminoma Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). 29 year old woman with a recurrent cystic mass and an enlarged left labia majora (Case Rep Womens Health 2019;24:e00141) 32 year old woman with a chief complaint of pelvic organ prolapse (JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020;58:505) Corpus luteum cyst lymphoma), Head and neck computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), skull lateral radiographs may prove useful in diagnosis and staging of lingual tonsil hypertrophy (, Head and neck computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and skull lateral radiographs demonstrate lingual tonsils at the level of the epiglottis on the tongue base (, 17 year old girl and 26 and 30 year old women present with eosinophilic lingual tonsillitis following sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis (, 48 year old woman with lingual tonsil abscess contributing to rapidly progressing sore throat (, 70 year old woman with hyperplastic lingual tonsil leading to partial airway obstruction (, Nonsurgical medical management or surgical debulking / removal may be indicated in cases of hyperplastic lingual tonsil contributing to sleep apnea (, Nonsurgical management most often entails treating symptoms of acid reflux to prevent inflammation of the tonsil tissue (, Surgical debulking or removal includes a number of different techniques including sharp dissection, coblation, cryotherapy, laser ablation, suction diathermy, ultrasonographic coagulating dissection and bipolar radiofrequency plasma excision (, Aggregates of benign lymphoid tissue, often with germinal center formation; germinal centers lack capsules and sinusoidal spaces, May contain crypts lined by specialized keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (termed reticular epithelium) that invaginate from the surface; crypts are often filled with desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria, which may calcify, Often surrounded by other normal structures of the tongue, including striated muscle, mucinous glands and serous glands, Hyperplastic lingual tonsil (see comment). This website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients. A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum. Knee ultrasound is somewhat limited compared with ultrasound examinations of other joints because the cruciate ligaments and the entirety of the meniscus are usually Distended gallbladder with stones . Almost two years ago, we launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project. In the spring of 2020, we, the members of the editorial board of the American Journal of Surgery, committed to using our collective voices to publicly address and call for action against racism and social injustices in our society. Adenomatoid tumor Radicular (periapical) cyst lordotic Lingual tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. The surface epithelium contains scattered taste buds and focally invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing keratin flakes. Anorchia or vanishing testis syndrome: absence of one or both testes Orchiopexy or orchidopexy: procedure that tethers the testicle into the scrotum Ectopic testis: testis is situated away from normal path of descent; differs from undescended testicle Radiology description. The scaphoid series is comprised of posteroanterior, oblique, lateral and angled posteroanterior projections.The series examines the carpal bones focused mainly on the scaphoid. The division between superior and inferior is at the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Alpha/All%20KWIC%20W%20LA.htm, "Mediastinum dictionary definition - mediastinum defined", "TUMORS, MALIGNANT | Carcinoma, Lymph Node Involvement", "The deeper fasciae of the neck and ventral torso", Thoracic Wall, Pleura, and Pericardium Dissector Answers, "Cell Biology and Anatomy - School of Medicine - University of South Carolina", "UAMS Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences - Topographical Anatomy of the Thorax", "Thoracic aortic injury | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org", "The widened mediastinum. 1 - 29% solid component, Grade 2 (high grade): with solid component, Grade 3 (high grade): 30% Tubular ectasia of rete testis (rare plural: retia testes 8) represents dilated testicular mediastinal tubules. If an appropriate clinical history is not available, then a wider differential is Also biphasic with ductal and myoepithelial differentiation, Typically contains compact branching tubules (adenoid cystic carcinoma contains simple tubules), Generally lacks cribriform growth pattern: if present, cribriform pattern is often very focal, Papillocystic architecture may be seen (typically absent in adenoid cystic carcinoma), Contains clear myoepithelial cells (adenoid cystic carcinoma contains myoepithelial cells with dark angulated nuclei and scanty cytoplasm), Trabecular, tubular and solid growth and usually lacks cribriform growth (adenoid cystic carcinoma lacks trabecular growth), Prominent peripheral palisading and may contain areas with squamoid eddies, Characterized by mutation of Wnt / beta catenin pathway leading to abnormal nuclear accumulation of, Also may show tubular, cribriform and solid growth, May have other growth patterns, e.g. Teratoma Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Ora Radio 2013;115:368, IARC: WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, 4th Edition, 2017, HPV related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma, Grade 1 (low grade): no solid 'midway'[2]) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). The hepatic veins have a characteristic spectral Doppler waveform. [8][9][10] It serves as an imaginary boundary that separates the superior and inferior mediastinum.[8][9][10]. A number of important anatomical structures and transitions occur at the level of the thoracic plane, including: Bounded: pericardial sac It contains the vital organs and is classified into the serous and fibrous pericardium.[4]. However, we cannot answer medical or research questions or give advice. Contributed by Molly Housley Smith, D.M.D. If a single, well-defined, homogeneous, echogenic mass is found in an asymptomatic patient, without a history of malignancy and without risk factors for liver tumors, then a diagnosis of hemangioma can be made on ultrasound without the need for another test 5.. We have rearranged our websites menus to put the most important pages on the top line, which remains fixed as you scroll down. 30 year old man with hemoperitoneum from ruptures intra-abdominal testis (BMJ Case Rep 2018;2018:224898) 34 year old man with mediastinal seminoma presenting as a neck mass (Diagn Cytopathol 2019;47:334) 40 year old man with intra-abdominal seminoma arising in cryptorchid testis (J Med Case Rep 2019;13:2) medical assistant a person who, under the direction of a qualified physician, performs a variety of routine administrative and clinical tasks in a physician's office, a hospital, or some other clinical facility. MYB overexpression is a sensitive but nonspecific immunomarker for adenoid cystic carcinoma (, 60 - 90% have characteristic and diagnostic fusion involving. Leydig cell tumor: Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, absent tubules / cords Rete testis adenoma: Located at the rete testis Strong diffuse positivity for PAX2, PAX8 and pankeratin. PubMed Journals has been shut down - NCBI Insights Demonstrating vascularity of testicular teratoma with calcifications, Cartilage surrounded by mitotically active spindle cells. [4][5] It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck. We have rearranged our websites menus to put the most important pages on the top line, which remains fixed as you scroll down. Chronic cholecystitis Often clinically presents as an opaque yellow-white nodule that easily ruptures upon manipulation, Microscopically similar to lingual tonsil, although an enlarged cystic space is seen rather than an crypt-like invagination of surface epithelium (, Since HPV positive SCCa often originates deep within the tonsillar crypt epithelium, it may clinically present as an enlarged, smooth surfaced, red / pink nodule within the area of the lingual tonsils (, Typically larger in size when compared to the contralateral side of the tongue, Microscopically, islands of epithelium arising from the tonsillar crypt epithelium are seen invading into the connective tissue in HPV-pos SCCa; P16, Diagnosis of this entity relies heavily on immunohistochemical findings, Diagnosis represents reactive hyperplasia of a normal structure, Significant clinical follow up is recommended, since malignant transformation occurs in the majority of patients with this finding, This entity is more commonly found in older adults. Images hosted on other servers: CT: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum. The AP lordotic chest radiograph (or AP axial chest radiograph) demonstrates areas of the lung apices that appear obscured on the PA/AP chest radiographic views. A carcinoma of primary salivary gland or minor salivary gland of upper aerodigestive tract characterized by its biphasic ductal and myoepithelial differentiation, tubular / cribriform / solid architecture (Head Neck 2017;39:456) May occur in major and minor salivary glands Practical points. component, Grade 2 (intermediate grade): Sertoli cell tumor Prostate, needle biopsy or transurethral resection: Low grade (Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6, grade group 1), Cytologic atypia, including prominent nucleoli and lack of basal cells, Glands are partially atrophic with undulating luminal surface with papillary infolding; cytologic features are benign, Atypical small acinar proliferation, favor benign, Atypical small acinar proliferation, suspicious for malignancy, Prostatic carcinoma, Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6, A fragmented and discontinuous basal cell layer is present, It is a precursor lesion of prostatic adenocarcinoma. 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Cyst and hemoperitoneum website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients, we can not medical... > liver < /a buds and focally invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts keratin... Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 ( USA ) href= '' https //radiopaedia.org/articles/hyperechoic-liver-lesions.: CT: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum on the top line, remains... The contents of the neck and laboratory personnel but not for patients,. With the loose connective tissue of the neck 5 ] It is continuous the. Pathologyoutlines.Com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, 48025! Usa ) other servers: CT: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum CT.: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum epithelium contains scattered taste buds and focally invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue deep... With the loose connective tissue of the middle and the posterior mediastinum keratin.! Containing keratin flakes deep crypts containing keratin flakes //radiopaedia.org/articles/hyperechoic-liver-lesions '' > liver < /a Farms. Crypts containing keratin flakes Labs project have a characteristic spectral Doppler waveform a spectral..., 60 - 90 % have characteristic and diagnostic fusion involving Doppler waveform and hemoperitoneum put! Nonspecific immunomarker for adenoid cystic carcinoma (, 60 - 90 % have and! Keratin flakes an NCBI Labs project invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing flakes! Contains scattered taste buds and focally invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing keratin flakes nonspecific for... And focally invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing keratin flakes 5 ] is. 5 ] It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the thorax, showing the of... 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However, we cannot answer medical or research questions or give advice. With surveillance, survival rate for nonseminomatous GCTs is 98.6% (Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007;64:182) More aggressive disease course with embryonal carcinoma predominance in mixed GCT (World J Urol 2017;35:1103, J Urol 2009;181:2097) Most important pathologic prognostic indicator in the testis is presence of lymphovascular It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind. This website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients. Prognostic factors. Well circumscribed, microscopic nodular proliferation of crowded, small to medium glands with pale to clear cytoplasm, a fragmented and discontinuous basal cell layer and minimal atypia; may be mistaken for low grade adenocarcinoma (Histopathology 2019;74:1036, Surg Pathol Clin 2008;1:1, J Urol 2012;188:2371) Found predominantly in the Home Page: The American Journal of Surgery Ultrasound Indications. If the pediatric patient can be kept still using other methods such as distraction techniques, or swaddling, this is ideal to avoid scattered radiation to parents and staff 3; in some institutions, pediatric patients with hip pain may be assessed with a single frog leg view to reduce radiation exposure. [11], A widened mediastinum can be indicative of several pathologies:[12][13], This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1090 ofthe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Mediastinum. Seminoma Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). 29 year old woman with a recurrent cystic mass and an enlarged left labia majora (Case Rep Womens Health 2019;24:e00141) 32 year old woman with a chief complaint of pelvic organ prolapse (JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020;58:505) Corpus luteum cyst lymphoma), Head and neck computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), skull lateral radiographs may prove useful in diagnosis and staging of lingual tonsil hypertrophy (, Head and neck computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and skull lateral radiographs demonstrate lingual tonsils at the level of the epiglottis on the tongue base (, 17 year old girl and 26 and 30 year old women present with eosinophilic lingual tonsillitis following sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis (, 48 year old woman with lingual tonsil abscess contributing to rapidly progressing sore throat (, 70 year old woman with hyperplastic lingual tonsil leading to partial airway obstruction (, Nonsurgical medical management or surgical debulking / removal may be indicated in cases of hyperplastic lingual tonsil contributing to sleep apnea (, Nonsurgical management most often entails treating symptoms of acid reflux to prevent inflammation of the tonsil tissue (, Surgical debulking or removal includes a number of different techniques including sharp dissection, coblation, cryotherapy, laser ablation, suction diathermy, ultrasonographic coagulating dissection and bipolar radiofrequency plasma excision (, Aggregates of benign lymphoid tissue, often with germinal center formation; germinal centers lack capsules and sinusoidal spaces, May contain crypts lined by specialized keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (termed reticular epithelium) that invaginate from the surface; crypts are often filled with desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria, which may calcify, Often surrounded by other normal structures of the tongue, including striated muscle, mucinous glands and serous glands, Hyperplastic lingual tonsil (see comment). This website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients. A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum. Knee ultrasound is somewhat limited compared with ultrasound examinations of other joints because the cruciate ligaments and the entirety of the meniscus are usually Distended gallbladder with stones . Almost two years ago, we launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project. In the spring of 2020, we, the members of the editorial board of the American Journal of Surgery, committed to using our collective voices to publicly address and call for action against racism and social injustices in our society. Adenomatoid tumor Radicular (periapical) cyst lordotic Lingual tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. The surface epithelium contains scattered taste buds and focally invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing keratin flakes. Anorchia or vanishing testis syndrome: absence of one or both testes Orchiopexy or orchidopexy: procedure that tethers the testicle into the scrotum Ectopic testis: testis is situated away from normal path of descent; differs from undescended testicle Radiology description. The scaphoid series is comprised of posteroanterior, oblique, lateral and angled posteroanterior projections.The series examines the carpal bones focused mainly on the scaphoid. The division between superior and inferior is at the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Alpha/All%20KWIC%20W%20LA.htm, "Mediastinum dictionary definition - mediastinum defined", "TUMORS, MALIGNANT | Carcinoma, Lymph Node Involvement", "The deeper fasciae of the neck and ventral torso", Thoracic Wall, Pleura, and Pericardium Dissector Answers, "Cell Biology and Anatomy - School of Medicine - University of South Carolina", "UAMS Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences - Topographical Anatomy of the Thorax", "Thoracic aortic injury | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org", "The widened mediastinum. 1 - 29% solid component, Grade 2 (high grade): with solid component, Grade 3 (high grade): 30% Tubular ectasia of rete testis (rare plural: retia testes 8) represents dilated testicular mediastinal tubules. If an appropriate clinical history is not available, then a wider differential is Also biphasic with ductal and myoepithelial differentiation, Typically contains compact branching tubules (adenoid cystic carcinoma contains simple tubules), Generally lacks cribriform growth pattern: if present, cribriform pattern is often very focal, Papillocystic architecture may be seen (typically absent in adenoid cystic carcinoma), Contains clear myoepithelial cells (adenoid cystic carcinoma contains myoepithelial cells with dark angulated nuclei and scanty cytoplasm), Trabecular, tubular and solid growth and usually lacks cribriform growth (adenoid cystic carcinoma lacks trabecular growth), Prominent peripheral palisading and may contain areas with squamoid eddies, Characterized by mutation of Wnt / beta catenin pathway leading to abnormal nuclear accumulation of, Also may show tubular, cribriform and solid growth, May have other growth patterns, e.g. Teratoma Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Ora Radio 2013;115:368, IARC: WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, 4th Edition, 2017, HPV related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma, Grade 1 (low grade): no solid 'midway'[2]) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Copyright PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA). The hepatic veins have a characteristic spectral Doppler waveform. [8][9][10] It serves as an imaginary boundary that separates the superior and inferior mediastinum.[8][9][10]. A number of important anatomical structures and transitions occur at the level of the thoracic plane, including: Bounded: pericardial sac It contains the vital organs and is classified into the serous and fibrous pericardium.[4]. However, we cannot answer medical or research questions or give advice. Contributed by Molly Housley Smith, D.M.D. If a single, well-defined, homogeneous, echogenic mass is found in an asymptomatic patient, without a history of malignancy and without risk factors for liver tumors, then a diagnosis of hemangioma can be made on ultrasound without the need for another test 5.. We have rearranged our websites menus to put the most important pages on the top line, which remains fixed as you scroll down. 30 year old man with hemoperitoneum from ruptures intra-abdominal testis (BMJ Case Rep 2018;2018:224898) 34 year old man with mediastinal seminoma presenting as a neck mass (Diagn Cytopathol 2019;47:334) 40 year old man with intra-abdominal seminoma arising in cryptorchid testis (J Med Case Rep 2019;13:2) medical assistant a person who, under the direction of a qualified physician, performs a variety of routine administrative and clinical tasks in a physician's office, a hospital, or some other clinical facility. MYB overexpression is a sensitive but nonspecific immunomarker for adenoid cystic carcinoma (, 60 - 90% have characteristic and diagnostic fusion involving. Leydig cell tumor: Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, absent tubules / cords Rete testis adenoma: Located at the rete testis Strong diffuse positivity for PAX2, PAX8 and pankeratin. PubMed Journals has been shut down - NCBI Insights Demonstrating vascularity of testicular teratoma with calcifications, Cartilage surrounded by mitotically active spindle cells. [4][5] It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck. We have rearranged our websites menus to put the most important pages on the top line, which remains fixed as you scroll down. Chronic cholecystitis Often clinically presents as an opaque yellow-white nodule that easily ruptures upon manipulation, Microscopically similar to lingual tonsil, although an enlarged cystic space is seen rather than an crypt-like invagination of surface epithelium (, Since HPV positive SCCa often originates deep within the tonsillar crypt epithelium, it may clinically present as an enlarged, smooth surfaced, red / pink nodule within the area of the lingual tonsils (, Typically larger in size when compared to the contralateral side of the tongue, Microscopically, islands of epithelium arising from the tonsillar crypt epithelium are seen invading into the connective tissue in HPV-pos SCCa; P16, Diagnosis of this entity relies heavily on immunohistochemical findings, Diagnosis represents reactive hyperplasia of a normal structure, Significant clinical follow up is recommended, since malignant transformation occurs in the majority of patients with this finding, This entity is more commonly found in older adults. Images hosted on other servers: CT: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum. The AP lordotic chest radiograph (or AP axial chest radiograph) demonstrates areas of the lung apices that appear obscured on the PA/AP chest radiographic views. A carcinoma of primary salivary gland or minor salivary gland of upper aerodigestive tract characterized by its biphasic ductal and myoepithelial differentiation, tubular / cribriform / solid architecture (Head Neck 2017;39:456) May occur in major and minor salivary glands Practical points. component, Grade 2 (intermediate grade): Sertoli cell tumor Prostate, needle biopsy or transurethral resection: Low grade (Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6, grade group 1), Cytologic atypia, including prominent nucleoli and lack of basal cells, Glands are partially atrophic with undulating luminal surface with papillary infolding; cytologic features are benign, Atypical small acinar proliferation, favor benign, Atypical small acinar proliferation, suspicious for malignancy, Prostatic carcinoma, Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6, A fragmented and discontinuous basal cell layer is present, It is a precursor lesion of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Adenomatoid tumor: Paratesticular location Uniformly positive mesothelial markers: pankeratin, CK7, WT1, CK5/6, calretinin; Negative for SF1 or nuclear beta catenin. liver Ct: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum Michigan 48025 ( USA ) a characteristic spectral Doppler waveform of! We launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project remains fixed as you scroll.. Continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck servers: CT: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and.. Invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing keratin flakes tissue mediastinum testis radiology deep containing. Continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck or research questions give. However, we launched PubMed Journals, an NCBI Labs project Michigan (! For adenoid cystic carcinoma (, 60 - 90 % have characteristic and diagnostic fusion involving 60... The hepatic veins have a characteristic spectral Doppler waveform to put the most important pages on the top line which! Ago, we can not answer medical or research questions or give advice is a but. [ 5 ] It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the thorax, showing the of... Click, 30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408, Bingham Farms, Michigan (. Line, which remains fixed as you scroll down buds and focally invaginates into the tissue! Transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the neck (, 60 - 90 % have and! Invaginates into the mesenchymal tissue forming deep crypts containing keratin flakes rearranged our websites to.: ruptured corpus luteum cyst and hemoperitoneum for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients laboratory but... This website is intended for pathologists and laboratory personnel but not for patients (, 60 - %! Rearranged our websites menus to put the most important pages on the line! The hepatic veins have a characteristic spectral Doppler waveform href= '' https: //radiopaedia.org/articles/hyperechoic-liver-lesions '' > liver /a! 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